Financial calculators

Plan loans, savings, and everyday money math. Results update instantly and stay on your device.

Loan & mortgage payment

Estimate your monthly payment for a fixed-rate loan or mortgage.

Loan amount ($)

Annual interest rate (%)

Term (years)

Monthly payment

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Enter your loan details above.

How this calculator works

Fixed-rate loans and mortgages use an amortization formula: each payment is the same size, but early payments are mostly interest while later payments are mostly principal. The calculator converts your annual rate to a monthly rate, then solves for the level payment that pays off the balance over the full term.

M = P × [r(1+r)^n] / [(1+r)^n − 1]
where P = loan amount, r = monthly rate (annual rate ÷ 12), n = number of monthly payments

Worked example: A $250,000 mortgage at 5.5% annual interest over 30 years gives r = 0.055/12 ≈ 0.004583 and n = 360 payments. Plugging into the formula gives a monthly payment of roughly $1,419 — of which the very first payment is about $1,146 interest and only $273 principal. By year 20, that split has flipped: most of each payment starts going toward principal.

Common mistakes: forgetting that the rate must be divided by 12 (using the annual rate directly overstates the payment by roughly 12×), and forgetting that this figure excludes property tax, homeowners insurance, and PMI, which most real mortgage bills include.

Compound interest

See how savings or investments grow over time, with optional monthly contributions.

Starting amount ($)

Annual rate (%)

Years

Monthly contribution ($, optional)

Compounding frequency

Future value

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Enter your savings details above.

How this calculator works

Compound interest means you earn returns not just on your original deposit, but also on the interest that deposit has already accumulated. The more frequently interest compounds — daily, monthly, quarterly — the faster the balance grows, though the difference between monthly and daily compounding is usually small in practice.

A = P(1 + r/n)^(nt) + PMT × [((1 + r/n)^(nt) − 1) / (r/n)]
where P = starting amount, r = annual rate, n = compounds per year, t = years, PMT = monthly contribution

Worked example: $5,000 invested at 7% annual return, compounded monthly, with $200 added every month for 10 years grows to roughly $39,300. Of that, only $29,000 came from your own contributions ($5,000 starting + $24,000 deposited) — the remaining ~$10,300 is interest the account earned on its own.

A key intuition: the earlier money is invested, the more compounding periods it has to grow, which is why starting 10 years earlier at a lower monthly contribution often beats starting later at a higher one.

Percentage & discount

Find a percentage of a number, or increase/decrease a value by a percentage (tax, discount, tips).

Base number

Percentage (%)

Operation

Result

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Enter values above.

How this calculator works

A percentage is just a fraction out of 100. "Finding a percentage of a number" multiplies the base by the percentage as a decimal. "Increasing" or "decreasing" by a percentage first calculates that portion, then adds it to or subtracts it from the base — the exact math behind a discount, a markup, or a tip.

Find % of base: result = base × (percentage / 100)
Increase by %: result = base × (1 + percentage/100)
Decrease by %: result = base × (1 − percentage/100)

Worked example: A $1,200 laptop with a 15% discount: 1200 × (1 − 0.15) = 1200 × 0.85 = $1,020. The discount itself was 1200 × 0.15 = $180, which checks out (1200 − 180 = 1020).

A frequent error is applying two percentage changes as if they simply add together — a 20% increase followed by a 20% decrease does not return you to the original number, because the second percentage is taken from a different (larger) base.

Sales tax / VAT calculator

Add tax to a price, or work out how much tax is already included.

Amount ($)

Tax rate (%)

Amount is

Total with tax

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Enter amount and tax rate.

How this calculator works

Sales tax and VAT are usually quoted as a percentage added on top of a pre-tax price, but receipts sometimes show a total that already includes tax and you need to work backward to find the tax portion. These are two different calculations, which is why this tool has a toggle for which case applies.

Before tax → total: total = price × (1 + rate/100)
Already includes tax → pre-tax price: price = total / (1 + rate/100)

Worked example: A $100 item with 8.5% sales tax: 100 × 1.085 = $108.50 total. Reversing it: if a receipt shows $108.50 already including 8.5% tax, the pre-tax price was 108.50 / 1.085 = $100.00, and the tax itself was $8.50.

A common mistake is calculating the "included tax" amount as simply total × rate — that overstates the tax slightly because the rate applies to the pre-tax price, not the tax-inclusive total.

Tip & bill split calculator

Work out the tip and split the total between everyone at the table.

Bill amount ($)

Tip (%)

Number of people

Amount per person

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Enter bill, tip and number of people.

How this calculator works

The tip is calculated as a percentage of the bill, added to the total, then divided evenly across everyone at the table. It's a straightforward calculation, but doing it in your head after a few drinks is exactly the kind of thing calculators exist for.

Tip amount = bill × (tip% / 100)
Total = bill + tip amount
Per person = total / number of people

Worked example: A $60 bill split between 2 people with an 18% tip: tip = 60 × 0.18 = $10.80, total = $70.80, per person = $35.40.

Note that this splits the total evenly regardless of who ordered what — for itemized splitting where each person only pays for their own order, you'd need to calculate each person's subtotal separately before applying the tip percentage.

Income tax estimator (US, simplified)

Rough estimate using 2024 US federal single-filer brackets, before deductions or credits.

Annual taxable income ($)

Estimated federal tax

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Enter your annual income.

How this calculator works

US federal income tax uses a progressive, bracketed system — you don't pay one flat rate on your whole income. Instead, each bracket's rate only applies to the slice of income that falls within it. This is why someone's "marginal rate" (the rate on their last dollar earned) is usually higher than their "effective rate" (total tax ÷ total income).

Tax = Σ (income in bracket × bracket rate), summed across every bracket the income passes through

Worked example: For a single filer with $75,000 taxable income, the first ~$11,600 is taxed at 10%, the next chunk up to ~$47,150 at 12%, and the remainder up to $75,000 at 22%. Adding those three slices together gives an estimated federal tax of roughly $12,000 — an effective rate of about 16%, even though the marginal (top) bracket is 22%.

This estimate excludes state income tax, the standard deduction, itemized deductions, and tax credits, all of which typically lower your actual bill — treat it as a simplified starting point, not a filing figure.

Savings goal calculator

Find the monthly contribution needed to reach a savings target.

Target amount ($)

Current savings ($)

Expected annual return (%)

Timeframe (years)

Required monthly contribution

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Enter your savings goal above.

How this calculator works

This is the compound interest formula solved in reverse: instead of asking "how much will I have," it asks "how much do I need to contribute each month to reach a specific target," given your current savings, timeframe, and expected return.

PMT = (Target − Current × (1+r/12)^(12t)) / [((1+r/12)^(12t) − 1) / (r/12)]
where r = annual return rate, t = years

Worked example: Starting with $2,000 saved, targeting $20,000 in 5 years at a 6% expected annual return, requires contributing roughly $258 per month. Without the existing $2,000 head start, that figure would be higher — showing how a current balance shrinks the required contribution.

Because this assumes a constant rate of return, real results will vary — markets fluctuate year to year even when the long-term average matches your input. Treat the output as a planning estimate, not a guarantee.

Net salary (take-home pay) estimator

Estimate monthly take-home pay after US federal tax and FICA (Social Security + Medicare).

Annual gross salary ($)

Estimated take-home pay

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Enter your annual gross salary.

How this calculator works

Take-home pay is your gross salary minus federal income tax (calculated using the same progressive brackets as the income tax estimator above) and FICA payroll taxes, which fund Social Security and Medicare. FICA is a flat percentage that applies from the first dollar earned, unlike the bracketed income tax.

Take-home = Gross − Federal income tax − (Social Security 6.2%, up to the annual wage cap) − (Medicare 1.45%)

Worked example: On a $65,000 gross salary, FICA alone takes roughly $4,972 (6.2% + 1.45% = 7.65% of $65,000), and estimated federal tax adds a further chunk on top — leaving take-home pay of approximately $52,000–$54,000 per year, or around $4,300–$4,500 per month, depending on exact bracket math.

This estimate excludes state income tax (which doesn't exist in some US states but can exceed 9% in others), pre-tax deductions like a 401(k) or health insurance premiums, and local taxes — all of which change your actual paycheck.

These tools provide general estimates and are not financial or tax advice. Tax rules vary by country, state, and personal circumstances — consult a qualified advisor or accountant for decisions specific to your situation.

Frequently asked questions

How accurate is the loan payment calculator?

It uses the standard fixed-rate amortization formula, the same math lenders use for basic quotes. It doesn't include taxes, insurance, or lender fees, so your actual payment may differ slightly.

Does compound interest include taxes on gains?

No — the result shown is pre-tax growth. Investment accounts may be taxed depending on the account type and your local rules.

Why is the take-home pay estimate only for the US?

Tax systems vary significantly by country. This calculator uses simplified 2024 US federal brackets plus FICA as a starting reference point, and excludes state tax, deductions, and credits.

What's the difference between a fixed-rate and adjustable-rate loan?

A fixed-rate loan keeps the same interest rate — and therefore the same monthly payment — for the entire term, which is what this calculator assumes. An adjustable-rate loan (ARM) starts with a lower rate that can rise or fall after an initial period, based on market conditions, making future payments harder to predict.

Why does a small change in interest rate make such a big difference over 30 years?

Because interest compounds on the remaining balance every month, small rate differences accumulate over hundreds of payments. On a $250,000 mortgage, moving from 5.5% to 6.5% increases the monthly payment by roughly $160 and adds tens of thousands of dollars in total interest paid over 30 years.

Should I pay off debt or invest extra savings?

A common rule of thumb: if your debt's interest rate is higher than the return you realistically expect from investing, paying down the debt first usually saves more money, since it's a guaranteed "return" equal to the interest rate avoided. This calculator doesn't make that decision for you, but comparing the loan and compound interest tools side by side can help you see the trade-off in numbers.

Is a bigger down payment always better?

A larger down payment lowers your loan amount, monthly payment, and total interest paid, and can help you avoid private mortgage insurance (PMI) on conventional loans below 20% down. However, tying up more cash upfront reduces your liquidity for emergencies or other investments — it's a trade-off, not a universal rule.

Why do my numbers differ slightly from my bank's official quote?

These calculators use standard textbook formulas assuming exact monthly compounding and no fees. Real-world quotes from lenders may round differently, apply daily interest accrual, or bundle in fees, taxes, and insurance that aren't part of the base calculation shown here.